The processes of brain drain and brain gain are in public debate today, just as they were more than 2,000 years ago or when the first European universities were established. The debate is far from over and the issue is debated both at the academic and political level. There are several interconnected levels at which the issue needs to be addressed and solutions found: local, regional, national, and supranational (EU). Coordination of different funding sources should be improved at the EU level in the governance of post-2020 cohesion policy and programs. The local and regional authorities can best analyze the specific needs of communities and find answers to them and thus play an important role in reducing the potential negative effects of brain drain processes and can support brain gain, brain regain and brain circulation processes. There are many examples of public policies and practices implemented by local and regional authorities - from supporting the relocation of talented individuals to those regions/cities to more sophisticated measures involving the development of transnational networks of entrepreneurs. The EU needs to support programs or initiatives that aim to enhance learning between different European local and regional authorities and the efforts of local and regional public bodies in addressing brain drain.

中文翻译：

---

欧盟的人才外流：地方和区域公共政策与良好实践

人才流失和人才获取的过程今天在公众辩论中，就像2000多年前或第一批欧洲大学成立时一样。辩论还远远没有结束，这个问题在学术和政治层面都在辩论。有几个相互关联的层次需要解决该问题并找到解决方案：地方，区域，国家和超国家（EU）。在2020年后凝聚政策和计划的治理中，应在欧盟一级改善不同资金来源的协调。地方和地区当局可以最好地分析社区的具体需求并找到答案，从而在减少人才流失过程的潜在负面影响中发挥重要作用，并可以支持大脑获得，大脑恢复和大脑循环过程。地方和地区当局实施的公共政策和实践的例子很多-从支持将人才转移到这些地区/城市，到涉及开发跨国企业家网络的更复杂的措施。欧盟需要支持旨在加强欧洲不同地方和地方当局之间的学习以及地方和地方公共机构在解决人才流失方面的努力的计划或倡议。