Abstract:Since the mid-1990s, both the Israeli state and Israeli society have been developing and implementing several separate new policies regarding the country’s seas. These include the extraction of offshore hydrocarbons; expansion of the navy; massive desalination projects; and several legislative, planning, and zoning initiatives. Put together, these changes amount to a “turn to the sea” that profoundly affects Israel’s economy, foreign policy, and military. This article compares this shift to historical precedents, offering Israel as a template for a new, cumulative model that does not conform to the existing narratives of how polities have turned to the maritime domain.

中文翻译：

---

以色列转向大海

摘要：自1990年代中期以来，以色列国家和以色列社会一直在制定和实施有关该国海洋的几项新政策。其中包括海上油气的开采；海军的扩张；大规模的海水淡化项目；以及一些立法，计划和分区计划。这些变化加在一起就构成了“出海”，深刻影响了以色列的经济，外交政策和军事。本文将这种转变与历史先例进行了比较，为以色列提供了一个新的累积模型的模板，该模型与现行政体如何转变为海域的叙述不符。