Crowding on slave ships was much more severe than historians have recognized, worsening in the nineteenth century during the illegal phase of the traffic. An analysis of numerous illustrations of slave vessels created by then-contemporary artists, in conjunction with new data, demonstrates that the 1789 diagram of the British slave ship Brooks—the most iconic of these illustrations—fails to capture the degree to which enslaved people were crowded on the Brooks, as well as on most other British slaving vessels of the eighteenth century. Five other images of slave ships sailing under different national colors in different eras further reveal the realities of ship crowding in different periods. The most accurate representation of ship-board conditions in the eighteenth-century slave trade is in the paintings of the French slave ship Marie-Séraphique.

中文翻译：

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可视化中间通道：跨大西洋奴隶贸易中的布鲁克斯和船舶拥挤的现实

在奴隶船上的拥挤比历史学家们所认识的要严厉得多，在19世纪非法贩运阶段，奴隶船的拥挤状况进一步恶化。对当时的艺术家创作的大量奴隶船插图的分析以及新数据的分析表明，1789年英国奴隶船布鲁克斯的示意图（这些示意图中最具标志性的）无法捕捉到被奴役者的受难程度。拥挤在布鲁克斯以及18世纪大多数其他英国奴役船上。在不同时代以不同民族色彩航行的奴隶船的其他五幅图像进一步揭示了不同时期船舶拥挤的现实。18世纪奴隶贸易中船上状况的最准确描述是法国奴隶船Marie-Séraphique的画作。