COVID-19 quickly spread worldwide, with over 113,000 deaths in the United States by June 2020. Governments at all levels in this nation responded. This analysis starts with a basic question: How did prior planning for pandemics shape responses? A second question emerges: why were data systems inadequate? Expectations, policies, and procedures focused on addressing influenza pandemics shaped responses to COVID-19. Crippled by inadequate data, federal experts did not fully understand likely impacts of COVID-19 until early March. Planned public health processes were overwhelmed by a surge in infections and deaths. Decision making planned to be responses by experts moved to elected officials. Needed data were provided by sources outside government. Governors in 42 states issued stay-at-home orders, causing severe dislocations in the economy and society at a scale never experienced before as the result of deliberate public policy choices. Possible improvements for the future are discussed.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 颠覆大流行计划

COVID-19 在全球迅速蔓延，到 2020 年 6 月，美国已有超过 113,000 人死亡。美国各级政府做出了回应。该分析从一个基本问题开始：对流行病的事先规划如何影响应对措施？第二个问题出现了：为什么数据系统不够完善？专注于解决流感大流行的期望、政策和程序塑造了对 COVID-19 的反应。由于数据不足，联邦专家直到 3 月初才完全了解 COVID-19 的可能影响。计划中的公共卫生程序因感染和死亡人数激增而不堪重负。Decision making planned to be responses by experts moved to elected officials. 所需数据由政府以外的来源提供。42个州的州长发布了居家令，由于深思熟虑的公共政策选择，造成了前所未有的大规模经济和社会混乱。讨论了未来可能的改进。