Previously, a majority of South Africans were denied welfare in the sense of state provided public or social assistance. Such benefits were largely the preserve of a white minority; black South Africans, by contrast, were forced to develop a variety of strategies for delivering “aided self-help” including the construction of informal housing, the extension of lay care to the elderly and dying, and other modes of associational life that sustained families and communities in the absence of state provided social goods. In addition, the absence of taxes on industry (until the early 1950s) and the fact of artificially low wages determined that black South Africans routinely subsidized the social wage. This essay explores the legacy of racially allocated welfare in South Africa, focusing on the history of the migrant labor system in the context of the discovery of precious metals and minerals in the nineteenth century and the industrial revolution that followed. It outlines a relationship between racial capitalism and precarity—the consequence of the denial of welfare—showing the ways in which the political transition to democracy and the promises of universal welfare were ultimately displaced with the advent of a postFordist regime after 1994. South Atlantic Quarterly

中文翻译：

---

社会工资简史：种族福特主义前后的福利

以前，从国家提供的公共或社会援助的意义上说，大多数南非人都被剥夺了福利。这些福利主要是少数白人的专利；相比之下，南非黑人被迫制定各种提供“辅助自助”的策略，包括建造非正规住房、将非专业护理扩展到老年人和临终者，以及其他维持家庭的联合生活模式和社区在没有国家提供的社会物品的情况下。此外，没有对工业征税（直到 1950 年代初）和人为地降低工资的事实决定了南非黑人经常补贴社会工资。本文探讨了南非种族分配福利的遗产，在 19 世纪发现贵金属和矿物以及随后的工业革命的背景下，重点关注移民劳工制度的历史。它概述了种族资本主义与不稳定（剥夺福利的后果）之间的关系，展示了随着 1994 年后福特主义政权的出现，向民主的政治过渡和普遍福利的承诺最终被取代的方式。 南大西洋季刊