Stacking—the tendency of playing positions to be racially segregated in sports—remains prominent in gridiron football. This raises questions of how stacking persists and how opportunities arise for athletes of different races to assume different roles. Demographic data on 41,484 NCAA football players reveal differences in opportunities and playing roles for student-athletes of different races. In concert with previous racial stacking studies, white players continue to be overrepresented in central, leadership positions. Racial minorities are overrepresented in peripheral “skill” positions. Stacking at each playing position is affected differently by the demographics of player high schools and college teams. Players assuming non-stereotypical roles are much more likely to come from a racially homogenous high school or college team. Even though racially homogenous schools provide stereotype-defying opportunities, they also exhibit intense racial stacking. The few white (or black) players on such teams are overwhelmingly slotted into stereotypical positions. Since stereotype-defying opportunities tend to emerge in racially homogenous schools, blacks playing typically white positions come from relatively poor schools. In contrast, whites playing typically black positions are relatively affluent, since such opportunities tend to emerge in whiter, wealthier schools. Implications for student opportunities and talent inculcation beyond the football field are discussed.

中文翻译：

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烤架上的管道：美国大学橄榄球中的球员背景、机会结构和种族分层

堆叠——在体育运动中比赛位置被种族隔离的趋势——在橄榄球足球中仍然很突出。这就提出了一个问题，即堆叠如何持续存在以及不同种族的运动员如何承担不同的角色。41,484 名 NCAA 足球运动员的人口统计数据揭示了不同种族的学生运动员在机会和扮演角色方面的差异。与之前的种族叠加研究一致，白人球员在中央领导职位上的人数仍然过多。少数族裔在外围“技能”职位上的比例过高。球员高中和大学球队的人口统计数据对每个比赛位置的堆叠有不同的影响。扮演非定型角色的球员更有可能来自种族同质的高中或大学球队。尽管种族同质学校提供了打破陈规的机会，但它们也表现出强烈的种族叠加。这些球队中为数不多的白人（或黑人）球员绝大多数都被安排在陈规定型的职位上。由于在种族同质的学校中往往会出现打破陈规的机会，因此扮演典型白人职位的黑人来自相对较差的学校。相比之下，扮演典型黑人职位的白人相对富裕，因为这样的机会往往出现在白人、富裕的学校。讨论了对足球场以外的学生机会和人才灌输的影响。由于在种族同质的学校中往往会出现打破陈规的机会，因此扮演典型白人职位的黑人来自相对较差的学校。相比之下，扮演典型黑人职位的白人相对富裕，因为这样的机会往往出现在白人、富裕的学校。讨论了对足球场以外的学生机会和人才灌输的影响。由于在种族同质的学校中往往会出现打破陈规的机会，因此扮演典型白人职位的黑人来自相对较差的学校。相比之下，扮演典型黑人职位的白人相对富裕，因为这样的机会往往出现在白人、富裕的学校。讨论了对足球场以外的学生机会和人才灌输的影响。