We provide the most extensive investigation into the connection between union power and nonunion worker pay to date. Leveraging nearly four decades of Current Population Survey (CPS) data on millions of U.S. workers, we test whether private sector union density, measured at the occupation and occupation region levels, helps raise average wages among unorganized private sector workers. We find stable and substantively large positive effects of private sector union strength on nonunion private sector workers’ wages, especially for men. These results are robust to the inclusion of controls for the risk of automation, offshoring, the related rising demand for skill, overall employment levels, industry, and the strength of public sector unions. Disaggregating the results by occupation reveals positive and substantively large union spillover effects across a range of occupations, including those not transformed by automation, offshoring, or rising skill demands. These disaggregated results also indicate that occupational segregation limits the positive spillover effects from unions to nonunion women workers: in highly organized occupations, nonunion women benefit, but there are comparatively few women in these segments of the labor market.

中文翻译：

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1977-2015年在美国的工会和非工会薪酬

迄今为止，我们对工会权力与不工会工人薪酬之间的关系进行了最广泛的调查。利用近四十年有关数百万美国工人的当前人口调查（CPS）数据，我们测试了按职业和职业区域级别衡量的私营部门工会密度是否有助于提高无组织私营部门工人的平均工资。我们发现，私营部门工会的力量对不工会的私营部门工人的工资具有稳定且实质性的积极影响，特别是对于男性。这些结果对于将自动化风险，离岸外包，相关的技能需求增长，总体就业水平，行业以及公共部门工会的实力等控制措施包括在内是有力的。按职业对结果进行分类显示，在一系列职业中，包括在不受自动化，离岸外包或技能要求提高影响的职业中，工会溢出效应是积极的，而且是实质性的。这些分类的结果还表明，职业隔离限制了工会对不工会女性工人的积极溢出效应：在高度组织化的职业中，不工会女性受益，但在劳动力市场的这些领域中很少有女性。