Does cultural consolidation among ethnic groups lead to nationalist mobilization? Extant research in the study of nationalism suggests a tight connection between the two. My article addresses this question by operationalizing cultural consolidation through language standardization and by providing an empirical analysis. I argue that not all ethnic groups that consolidate their culture build institutions toward sovereignty and propose that cases that fail to invest in institutions make strong contributions to the existing framework in the literature. Following a brief survey on the Bulgarians as a case of successful mobilization, I document evidence from an in-depth study on the Occitans, a minority ethnic group in France, as a failed case. Findings from a process-tracing approach indicate that although the Occitans standardized their language by 1900, their leading intellectuals grew content became content with the situation and failed to make the next move. I contribute by operationalizing cultural consolidation and by introducing “institution-building” as a crucial outcome between cultural consolidation and state-building. My article suggests that decisions of ethnic elites matter to understand why some groups start nationalist mobilization.

中文翻译：

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满足于失败？以法国奥克西特人为例的文化整合与民族主义动员的缺失

族群之间的文化整合会导致民族主义动员吗？民族主义研究的现有研究表明两者之间存在紧密联系。我的文章通过语言标准化实现文化整合并提供实证分析来解决这个问题。我认为，并非所有巩固其文化的民族群体都建立了朝向主权的制度，并提出未能投资于制度的案例对文献中的现有框架做出了重大贡献。在对保加利亚人作为成功动员案例进行了简短调查之后，我记录了对法国少数族裔奥克西坦人进行深入研究的证据，作为失败案例。过程追踪方法的结果表明，尽管奥克西坦人在 1900 年标准化了他们的语言，但他们的主要知识分子越来越满足于现状，未能采取下一步行动。我通过实施文化整合和将“制度建设”作为文化整合和国家建设之间的关键成果来做出贡献。我的文章认为，种族精英的决定对于理解为什么一些群体开始民族主义动员很重要。