当前位置: X-MOL 学术Social Science History › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Use-Based Welfare: Property Experiments in Chicago, 1895–1935
Social Science History ( IF 0.954 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-22 , DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2019.12
Nate Ela

Use-based welfare achieves redistribution by reallocating rights to use and benefit from idle resources, rather than through tax and transfer. How and why has this form of welfare provision emerged as an urban institution, and what affects whether it endures? This article compares projects to grant poor and unemployed Chicagoans access to land for gardens and small farms between 1895 and 1935, explaining how this form of social support came about through experiments with rules, norms, and forms of property. While social policy is typically understood as emerging through the realization of rights to public support, use-based welfare turns instead on efforts to create a legal privilege for the needy to use idle resources. During the Progressive Era and the Great Depression, this form of relief was pitched as both an alternative and a complement to welfare based on tax and transfer. Yet efforts to establish it as a permanent institution repeatedly failed, due to implementation challenges, opposition from people committed to treating land and food as commodities, and the nonemergence of a social movement to defend land access. Recognizing the historical dynamics of use-based welfare offers a new perspective on the contemporary resurgence of urban farming as a strategy for addressing unemployment and poverty.

中文翻译:

基于使用的福利:芝加哥的财产实验,1895-1935

基于使用的福利通过重新分配闲置资源的使用权和收益来实现再分配,而不是通过税收和转让。这种形式的福利提供是如何以及为什么会成为一种城市制度,以及它能否持续存在的影响是什么?本文比较了 1895 年至 1935 年间为贫困和失业的芝加哥人提供花园和小农场的土地的项目,解释了这种形式的社会支持是如何通过对规则、规范和财产形式的实验而产生的。虽然社会政策通常被理解为通过实现获得公共支持的权利而出现,但以使用为基础的福利转而努力为有需要的人使用闲置资源创造法律特权。在进步时代和大萧条时期,这种形式的救济既可以作为基于税收和转移的福利的替代方案,也可以作为补充。然而,由于实施方面的挑战、致力于将土地和食物视为商品的人们的反对,以及捍卫土地使用权的社会运动没有出现,将其建立为永久性机构的努力一再失败。认识到基于使用的福利的历史动态为当代城市农业作为解决失业和贫困的战略复苏提供了新的视角。
更新日期:2019-05-22
down
wechat
bug