Our essay proposes that while the predominant concept of revolution as driven by the mobilization of social, political, and cultural forces has value, at least as important for understanding the revolutions of 1917 was the dramatic demobilization of army, police, state, and society. We suggest that revolutions often see a conflict between affective mobilization (in which some portion of the citizenry becomes much more enthusiastic about particular social and political projects) and structural demobilization (in which the failure of major state institutions and economic enterprises makes positive social and political change nearly impossible). In early 1917, affective mobilization on behalf of the war and the regime was in decline, but structural mobilization was at its peak. The February Revolution brought a sudden radical structural demobilization. This structural demobilization both made it possible for relatively modest numbers of revolutionary forces to succeed in October 1917 and made the emergence of widespread apathy and disillusionment in 1918 much more likely.

中文翻译：

---

1917：作为复员和国家崩溃的革命

我们的文章提出，虽然由动员社会、政治和文化力量驱动的革命的主要概念具有价值，但至少对于理解 1917 年的革命同样重要的是军队、警察、国家和社会的戏剧性复员。我们认为，革命经常会出现情感动员（其中一部分公民对特定的社会和政治项目变得更加热情）和结构性动员（其中主要国家机构和经济企业的失败使积极的社会和政治动员）之间的冲突。几乎不可能改变）。1917年初，代表战争和政权的情感动员处于衰落状态，但结构性动员达到顶峰。二月革命带来了突然的激进结构性复员。这种结构性的复员既使数量相对较少的革命力量有可能在 1917 年 10 月取得成功，也使 1918 年出现普遍的冷漠和幻想破灭的可能性更大。