ArgumentDuring the second quarter of the nineteenth century, an argument raged about the identity of a small freshwater fish: was the parr a distinct species, or merely the young of the salmon? This “Parr Controversy” concerned both fishermen and ichthyologists. A central protagonist in the controversy was a man of ambiguous social and scientific status: a gamekeeper from Scotland named John Shaw. This paper examines Shaw’s heterogeneous practices and the reception of his claims by naturalists as he struggled to find a footing on the “gradient of attributed competence” (Rudwick 1985). The case demonstrates the context-specific nature of expert-lay boundaries and identities and explores a range of material and linguistic resources available for negotiating them. Arguing for a view of Shaw’s trajectory as simultaneously one of being a “practical man” and of becoming a naturalist, the paper explores both the permeability of social hierarchies in knowledge production and their effective role in the regulation of competency.

中文翻译：

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“有缺陷的教育的缺点”：鲑鱼和帕尔争议的自然历史中的身​​份、实验和说服，c。1825–1850

争论在十九世纪下半叶，一场关于小型淡水鱼身份的争论十分激烈：帕尔鱼是一个独特的物种，还是仅仅是鲑鱼的幼鱼？这场“帕尔争议”引起了渔民和鱼类学家的关注。争论的中心人物是一个社会和科学地位模糊的人：来自苏格兰的猎场看守人约翰·肖。本文探讨了萧伯纳的异质实践以及博物学家对他的主张的接受，因为他努力在“归因能力的梯度”上找到立足点（Rudwick 1985）。该案例展示了专家边界和身份的特定背景性质，并探索了一系列可用于谈判它们的材料和语言资源。本文主张萧伯纳的轨迹既是一个“务实的人”又是一个博物学家，本文探讨了社会等级制度在知识生产中的渗透性及其在能力调节中的有效作用。