Unimensional accounts of revisionism – those that align states along a single continuum from supporting the status quo to seeking a complete overhaul of the international system – miss important variation between a desire to alter the balance of military power and a desire to alter other elements of international order. We propose a two-dimensional property space that generates four ideal types: status-quo actors, who are satisfied with both order and the distribution of power; reformist actors, who are fine with the current distribution of power but seek to change elements of order; positionalist actors, who see no reason to alter the international order but do aim to shift the distribution of power; and revolutionary actors, who want to overturn both international order and the distribution of capabilities. This framework helps make sense of a number of important debates about hegemony and international order, such as the possibility of revisionist hegemonic powers, controversies over the concept of ‘soft balancing’, and broader dynamics of international goods substitution during power transitions.

中文翻译：

---

修改秩序还是挑战军事力量平衡？修正主义和现状国家的另一种类型学

对修正主义的普遍描述——那些将国家从支持现状到寻求彻底改革国际体系的统一统一体——忽略了改变军事力量平衡的愿望和改变国际其他要素的愿望之间的重要差异。命令。我们提出了一个二维属性空间，可以生成四种理想类型：现状参与者，他们对秩序和权力分配都感到满意；改革派人士，他们对当前的权力分配感到满意，但寻求改变秩序的要素；立场主义者，他们认为没有理由改变国际秩序，但确实旨在改变权力分配；和革命行动者，他们想要颠覆国际秩序和能力分配。