“Who do you protect? Who do you serve?” You could hear this chant frequently at protests in recent years, directed at lines of grimfaced cops across the United States. Modifying a common police tagline, the chant raised the possibility that the aggressive police management of Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter street protests was not simply about maintaining the peace but rather about a more sinister effort to maintain the racial capitalist status quo. But the chant also raises a challenging sociological question about the purpose or function of police and how that has changed over time. How does the internal organization of law enforcement as an institution interact with the external role of law enforcement to enact authorized state violence? To ask such a question is to inquire into the organizational sociology of police, a topic typically analyzed to understand outward effects of police activity.1 Instead, I am interested in the inward effects of police activity, particularly in the realm of formal politics. Changing internal organization, I argue, affects what police activity looks like on the streets. This article examines how that internal organization has shifted over the past five decades since the 1960s. In the United States, the notion that police serve the citizenry and impartially enforce the law is relatively new. To win widespread belief in this notion was a political achievement of a coterie of midtwentiethcentury police professionals

中文翻译：

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保护和服务自己

“你保护谁？你为谁服务？” 近年来，你可以在抗议活动中经常听到这种口号，这些抗议活动针对的是美国各地一排排表情严肃的警察。修改了一个共同的警察标语，该口号提出了一种可能性，即占领华尔街和黑人的命也是命街头抗议活动的激进警察管理不仅仅是为了维持和平，而是为了维持种族资本主义现状的更险恶的努力。但是这首颂歌也提出了一个具有挑战性的社会学问题，即警察的目的或职能以及随着时间的推移如何发生变化。作为一个机构，执法的内部组织如何与执法的外部角色相互作用以实施授权的国家暴力？提出这样一个问题就是探究警察的组织社会学，通常分析一个主题以了解警察活动的外在影响。1 相反，我对警察活动的内在影响感兴趣，特别是在正式政治领域。我认为，改变内部组织会影响警察在街头活动的样子。本文研究了自 1960 年代以来的过去五年中，内部组织是如何发生变化的。在美国，警察为公民服务并公正执法的概念相对较新。赢得对这一概念的广泛信任是 20 世纪中叶警察专业人士小圈子的政治成就 影响警察在街上活动的样子。本文探讨了自 1960 年代以来的过去五年中，内部组织是如何发生变化的。在美国，警察为公民服务并公正执法的概念相对较新。赢得对这一概念的广泛信任是 20 世纪中叶警察专业人士小圈子的政治成就 影响警察在街上活动的样子。本文探讨了自 1960 年代以来的过去五年中，内部组织是如何发生变化的。在美国，警察为公民服务并公正执法的概念相对较新。赢得对这一概念的广泛信任是 20 世纪中叶警察专业人士小圈子的政治成就