We consider the nature of quantum randomness and how one might have empirical evidence for it. We will see why, depending on one’s computational resources, it may be impossible to determine whether a particular notion of randomness properly characterizes one’s empirical data. Indeed, we will see why even an ideal observer under ideal epistemic conditions may never have any empirical evidence whatsoever for believing that the results of one’s quantum-mechanical experiments are randomly determined. This illustrates a radical sort of empirical underdetermination faced by fundamentally stochastic theories like quantum mechanics.

中文翻译：

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量子随机性和不确定性

我们考虑了量子随机性的本质以及人们如何获得经验证据。我们将看到为什么根据一个人的计算资源，可能无法确定特定的随机性概念是否正确地表征了一个人的经验数据。事实上，我们将看到为什么即使是在理想认知条件下的理想观察者也可能永远不会有任何经验证据来相信一个人的量子力学实验的结果是随机确定的。这说明了像量子力学这样的基本随机理论所面临的一种激进的经验不确定性。