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The Real Impact of Subsidies on the Film Industry (1970s–Present): Lessons from France and Korea
Pacific Affairs ( IF 1.372 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-01 , DOI: 10.5509/201790151
Patrick Messerlin , Jimmyn Parc

Many countries are becoming interested in developing their film industries as a way of promoting their national culture and increasing their soft power. With the continued global dominance of Hollywood films, policy makers are increasingly considering government subsidies as an essential tool in promoting their national film industries. However, the actual effectiveness of subsidies in promoting a film industry remains debatable. In order to better address this issue, this paper evaluates and compares the experiences of France and Korea. Both countries have adopted exactly the same sequence of instruments—import quotas, screen quotas, and then subsidies—yet have applied almost the opposite subsidy policies. Since the 1950s, France has intensively used subsidies while Korea has not. After more than a half century, these different subsidy policies have led to very different outcomes. This paper shows that a film industry without significant government subsidies can prosper better in the long term than a heavily subsidized one. This is an important lesson for countries that want to develop their film industry and to promote their culture by designing effective film policies.

中文翻译:

补贴对电影业的真正影响(1970 年代至今):法国和韩国的教训

许多国家都开始有兴趣发展电影产业,以此作为弘扬民族文化和增强软实力的一种方式。随着好莱坞电影在全球的持续主导地位,政策制定者越来越多地将政府补贴视为促进本国电影产业发展的重要工具。然而,补贴对促进电影业的实际效果仍有争议。为了更好地解决这个问题,本文对法国和韩国的经验进行了评估和比较。两国都采用了完全相同的工具序列——进口配额、筛选配额,然后是补贴——但采用了几乎相反的补贴政策。自 1950 年代以来,法国大量​​使用补贴,而韩国则没有。半个多世纪后,这些不同的补贴政策导致了截然不同的结果。这篇论文表明,从长远来看,没有大量政府补贴的电影业比获得大量补贴的电影业更能繁荣。对于希望通过制定有效的电影政策来发展电影业和促进文化的国家来说,这是一个重要的教训。
更新日期:2017-03-01
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