Throughout the twentieth century, astronomers moved from and between different data-collection regimes, from the photographic to the electronic and, finally, to the born-digital era. At the same time, the focus of scientific discovery shifted away from the telescope itself to the hard drive, the database, and digital archives. This essay builds on the assumption that the sharing and circulation of astronomical data—as with other kinds of scientific data—have become core research activities that demand an increasing fraction of researchers’ time, money, and expertise. The examples presented here give insights into the larger and gradual digitization process that unfolded throughout the entire international astronomy community. Although the examples chosen here depict local processes, the importance of sharing digital data transcended specific institutions, individual research questions, and national boundaries.

中文翻译：

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最大的数据：创建和共享数字世界

整个 20 世纪，天文学家在不同的数据收集机制之间来回切换，从摄影到电子，最后到数字化时代。与此同时，科学发现的重点从望远镜本身转移到硬盘、数据库和数字档案。本文建立在这样一个假设之上：天文数据的共享和流通——与其他类型的科学数据一样——已成为核心研究活动，需要越来越多的研究人员投入时间、金钱和专业知识。这里展示的例子让我们深入了解整个国际天文学界展开的更大的、渐进的数字化过程。尽管此处选择的示例描述了本地进程，