This paper analyzes a hundred Turkish aid recipient countries in order to explore the determinants of Turkey’s foreign aid behavior during the period 2005–2016. By estimating the model with the system-GMM estimator, it is demonstrated that Turkey is a regular donor whose amount of foreign aid is positively influenced by the export-based embeddedness of Turkish firms in the recipient countries. Recipients with low levels of per-capita income attract more Turkish aid. However, this income’s effect diminishes in states that were formerly part of Ottoman territory. Recipient countries in an aid relationship with OECD-DAC members also receive more foreign aid from Turkey. In addition, Turkey disburses more foreign aid to recipient countries that can be classified as Turkic republics. Turkish foreign aid behavior is also motivated by Ottomanism, especially in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Finally, and interestingly, although Islam has a considerable impact on attracting Turkish aid overall, this impact disappears in former Ottoman states and Turkic republics.

中文翻译：

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土耳其对外援助行为的决定因素

本文通过对一百个土耳其援助受援国进行分析，以探讨土耳其在 2005-2016 年期间对外援助行为的决定因素。通过使用系统-GMM 估计器对模型进行估计，表明土耳其是一个常规捐助者，其对外援助的数量受到土耳其公司在受援国的基于出口的嵌入的积极影响。人均收入水平低的受援国会吸引更多的土耳其援助。然而，这种收入的影响在以前属于奥斯曼领土的国家中会减弱。与 OECD-DAC 成员有援助关系的受援国也从土耳其获得了更多的外国援助。此外，土耳其向可归类为突厥共和国的受援国提供了更多的外援。土耳其的外援行为也受到奥斯曼主义的驱使，特别是在巴尔干和东欧。最后，有趣的是，虽然伊斯兰教对吸引土耳其的整体援助有相当大的影响，但这种影响在前奥斯曼帝国和突厥共和国消失了。