Children living in deprived areas tend to show greater problem behaviour relative to children in more advantaged areas. We explored the effect of different forms of area deprivation (such as income, education and health) on the development of child problem behaviour (emotional and behavioural problems) from early childhood to middle adolescence. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we modelled trajectories of child problem behaviour depending on the level of deprivation in the neighbourhood, across ages 3 to 14 years, in England (n = 6,127). We explored seven types of social, economic and environmental deprivation in small standard areas, using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Child problem behaviour was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Most types of deprivation were moderately predictive of child problem behaviour at around age eight (where we set the intercept), when explored in separate models, even after adjustments to reduce area selection bias. However, they were not related to longitudinal changes in problem behaviour. Socio-economic aspects of area deprivation – education, income and employment – were most consistently related to child problem behaviour – and were robust to adjustments for other domains of area deprivation including crime and living environment.

中文翻译：

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儿童期和青少年期的邻里剥夺和儿童行为

与处于优势地区的儿童相比，生活在贫困地区的儿童往往表现出更大的问题行为。我们探讨了不同形式的区域剥夺（例如收入，教育和健康）对从儿童早期到青春期的儿童问题行为（情绪和行为问题）发展的影响。根据千年队列研究的数据，我们对儿童问题行为的轨迹进行了建模，具体取决于英格兰3至14岁年龄段的贫困程度（n = 6,127）。我们使用多重剥夺指数在小标准地区探索了七种类型的社会，经济和环境剥夺。儿童问题行为通过“长处和困难调查表”进行衡量。当在单独的模型中进行探索时，即使在进行了调整以减少区域选择偏差之后，大多数剥夺类型也可以适度地预测八岁左右（设定截距）的儿童问题行为。但是，它们与问题行为的纵向变化无关。区域剥夺的社会经济方面（教育，收入和就业）与儿童问题的行为最为相关，并且对包括犯罪和生活环境在内的其他区域剥夺领域的调整具有较强的适应性。