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Cultural Expertise and Law: An Historical Overview
Law and History Review ( IF 0.769 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 , DOI: 10.1017/s073824801900049x
Livia Holden

The use of anthropology and sociology for dispute resolution, law-making, and governance has been frequent throughout the history of law and anthropology. Anthropological expertise in the form of expert witnessing or expert information, has been one among the significant activities of applied anthropology. However, no concept such the one of cultural expertise was formulated to theorise the engagement of anthropologists and sociologists with law. This paper adopts an historical approach in order to understand why socio-legal studies have not developed a conceptualisation that encompasses the variety of the types of engagement of social scientists, and anthropologists in particular. It investigates the connection between law and culture in the history of anthropology of law since social evolutionism, and focuses in particular on legal pluralism. This paper suggests that the reasons for the late conceptualisation of cultural expertise lies on the one hand in the difficulty to define the dynamics between law and culture, and on the other hand in the specific development of legal pluralism vis-à-vis the state. This paper concludes with a reformulation of the concept of cultural expertise as an umbrella concept that encompasses the existing array of socio-legal instruments that use cultural knowledge for conflict resolution.

中文翻译:

文化专长和法律:历史概述

在整个法律和人类学的历史中,人类学和社会学在争议解决、立法和治理方面的应用十分频繁。专家证人或专家信息形式的人类学专业知识一直是应用人类学的重要活动之一。然而,没有形成文化专业知识这样的概念来理论化人类学家和社会学家与法律的接触。本文采用历史方法来理解为什么社会法律研究没有发展出一种概念化,包括社会科学家,特别是人类学家的各种参与类型。它研究了自社会进化论以来法律人类学史上法律与文化之间的联系,并特别关注法律多元化。本文认为,文化专业知识概念化较晚的原因一方面在于难以界定法律与文化之间的动态关系,另一方面在于法律多元主义相对于国家的具体发展。本文最后对文化专业知识的概念进行了重新表述,将其作为一个总括概念,涵盖了现有的一系列使用文化知识解决冲突的社会法律文书。
更新日期:2019-10-24
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