Objective: Universal prevention programs such as Positive Action (PA) mitigate risk factors and enhance promotive factors, often leading to improved adolescent functioning and school climate. The current study used 5 waves of data to assess the impact of PA on adolescent mental health and perceptions of school climate 1 year after completion of the program in a sample of low-income, rural youth. Method: Following multiple imputation and propensity score analysis, we ran 4 (2-level) hierarchal linear models to examine program effects. Results: PA program participants reported significant increases in self-esteem and significant decreases in school hassles relative to youths who did not participate in PA. Participation in PA did not have a significant impact on internalizing symptoms or aggression. Risk factors across the adolescents’ ecology had a strong negative impact on the outcomes, and some promotive factors modestly bolstered adolescent functioning. Conclusions: Findings highlight the influence that risk factors—especially negative interpersonal conflicts—have on adolescent outcomes and indicate that, although PA can help improve adolescents’ perceptions of themselves and their school climate, the program might need to be tailored for use in low-income, rural areas.

中文翻译：

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对农村青少年的生态风险，健康促进和预防计划效果进行建模

目标：普遍预防计划，例如积极行动（PA）可以减轻风险因素并增强激励因素，通常可以改善青少年的功能和学校氛围。当前的研究使用5个数据浪潮，评估了在低收入农村青年样本中完成该计划一年后，PA对青少年心理健康和对学校气候的看法的影响。方法：经过多次插补和倾向得分分析，我们运行了4个（2级）层次线性模型来检查程序效果。结果：与未参加过PA的青年相比，参加PA的参与者报告自尊显着提高，而在校麻烦则显着减少。参与PA对内在症状或侵略性没有显着影响。整个青少年生态系统中的危险因素对结局有很大的负面影响，一些促进因素适度地增强了青少年的机能。结论：研究结果突显了风险因素（尤其是负面的人际冲突）对青少年结局的影响，并指出，尽管PA可以帮助改善青少年对自己和学校环境的认识，但该计划可能需要针对低收入人群进行量身定制。收入，农村地区。