Objective: Welfare-reform research has treated the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program as a homogenous work program despite the commonality of exemptions from work requirements. To address this shortcoming, we compare program and economic outcomes between three groups of TANF participants: work-exposed (workers), work-exempt to care for an infant (new mothers), and work-exempt due to a disability (participants with a disability). Method: Using 2006 administrative data for a cohort of Wisconsin TANF entrants (N = 682), we describe differences in individual characteristics, TANF participation, and work and income patterns between groups. We use discrete-time regression models to examine the between-group correlates of exiting TANF and exiting TANF to work. Results: Descriptive analyses reveal significant differences between groups in individual characteristics and TANF, work, and income patterns. On average, new mothers have more education and work experience, fewer and shorter TANF spells, and greater earnings and income in the year following TANF entry compared to other participants. Discrete-time regression analyses, however, suggest that pre-entry education and work experience are the strongest predictors of employment outcomes. Conclusions: To address the diversity of outcomes between TANF groups, policymakers should consider program alternatives such as disability and paid-leave programs.

中文翻译：

---

TANF工作豁免状态的计划和经济成果

目的：福利改革研究已将“有需要家庭临时援助”（TANF）计划视为同质工作计划，尽管免除了工作要求的普遍性。为了解决这个缺点，我们比较了TANF参与者的三组参与者的计划和经济成果：工作暴露的人（工人），免于照顾婴儿的工作（新母亲）和因残疾而免工作的人（有残疾的参与者）。失能）。方法：使用2006年威斯康辛州TANF参赛者（N = 682）队列的行政数据，我们描述了个人特征，TANF参与程度以及群体之间的工作和收入方式的差异。我们使用离散时间回归模型来检查退出TANF和退出TANF的组间相关性。结果：描述性分析显示，各组之间在个人特征，TANF，工作和收入方式上存在显着差异。平均而言，与其他参与者相比，新母亲在进入TANF之后的一年中拥有更多的教育和工作经验，TANF咒语越来越短，收入和收入更高。离散时间回归分析表明，入职前的教育和工作经验是就业结果的最强预测指标。结论：为了解决TANF组之间结果的多样性，决策者应考虑其他方案，例如残疾和带薪休假方案。与其他参与者相比，TANF加入后的一年的收入和收入更高。离散时间回归分析表明，入职前的教育和工作经验是就业结果的最强预测指标。结论：为了解决TANF组之间结果的多样性，决策者应考虑其他方案，例如残疾和带薪休假方案。与其他参与者相比，TANF加入后的一年的收入和收入更高。离散时间回归分析表明，入职前的教育和工作经验是就业结果的最强预测指标。结论：为了解决TANF组之间结果的多样性，决策者应考虑其他方案，例如残疾和带薪休假方案。