OBJECTIVE Smokers often exhibit a stronger automatic approach bias toward smoking cues than nonsmokers on the Approach-Avoidance Task. However, previous research has often neglected the temporal dynamic of automatic processes in addiction and focused on immediate approach biases instead of delayed approach biases. METHOD Thirty-one male smokers and 30 healthy males were tested by an adapted Approach-Avoidance Task. In this task, immediate as well as delayed approach biases were assessed by manipulating cue-response time intervals. RESULTS When exposed to smoking cues, smokers have significantly stronger approach bias than nonsmokers at a delay of 0 ms, 600 ms, and 900 ms rather than at 300 ms. CONCLUSIONS This study found that smokers have a strong, immediate approach bias toward smoking-related cues. But this approach bias will keep changing with increased cognitive processing time. Temporal dynamics may be an important feature of the addiction-related approach bias.

中文翻译：

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吸烟相关进路偏差的时间动态：男性吸烟者与非吸烟者之间的比较

目标吸烟者在回避规避任务中通常比不吸烟者表现出更强的自动提示吸烟倾向。但是，先前的研究通常忽略了成瘾中自动过程的时间动态，而将注意力集中在即时进场偏差而不是延迟进场偏差上。方法采用适应性方法避免任务对31名男性吸烟者和30名健康男性进行了测试。在此任务中，通过操纵提示响应时间间隔来评估立即和延迟的进近偏差。结果当暴露于吸烟提示下时，吸烟者在0毫秒，600毫秒和900毫秒而不是300毫秒时比非吸烟者具有更强的逼近偏向。结论这项研究发现，吸烟者对与吸烟有关的提示有强烈的直接的方法偏见。但是这种方法的偏见会随着认知处理时间的增加而不断变化。时间动态可能是与成瘾有关的方法偏差的重要特征。