OBJECTIVE Most studies linking physical victimization and substance use have focused on concurrent or temporally proximal associations, making it unclear whether physical victimization has a sustained impact on substance use problems. We examined the long-term associations between adolescent physical victimization and symptoms of substance use disorders in adulthood, controlling for intermediating victimization during young adulthood and several control variables. METHOD Data were obtained from the Monitoring the Future Study (N = 5,291). Women and men were recruited around age 18 and surveyed biennially through age 30, and again at 35. Past-year physical victimization (threatened physical assaults, injurious assaults) was measured regularly from age 18 to 30. Alcohol and cannabis use symptoms (e.g., withdrawal, tolerance) were assessed at age 35. Controls were measured in adolescence (e.g., prior substance use) and young adulthood (e.g., marriage). Interactions examined whether associations varied by sex. RESULTS When we controlled for adolescent substance use, adolescents who were threatened with injury or who sustained physical injuries as a result of violence had more alcohol use symptoms at age 35 than nonvictims. However, when victimization during young adulthood was statistically accounted for, only victimization during young adulthood was associated with age-35 alcohol use symptoms. The effects of young adult victimization, but not adolescent victimization, were stronger for women. Victimization was mostly unrelated to age-35 cannabis use symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who are threatened with physical assaults or injured by physical assaults have significantly more alcohol use symptoms in their mid-30s than nonvictimized adolescents, but these associations are completely explained by subsequent victimization during young adulthood.

中文翻译：

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青少年直接暴力和威胁性肢体暴力与30年代中期物质使用障碍症状之间的长期关联

目的大多数将身体受害与物质使用联系起来的研究都集中在并发的或暂时的近端关联上，因此不清楚身体受害是否对物质使用问题产生持续影响。我们研究了青少年身体受害与成年后物质使用障碍症状之间的长期联系，控制了成年后的中间受害以及一些控制变量。方法数据来自《监测未来研究》（N = 5,291）。招募了男女，年龄在18岁左右，每两年一次调查一次，直到30岁，再到35岁。过去一年的身体伤害（威胁性殴打，伤害性殴打）是从18岁到30岁定期测量的。酒精和大麻使用症状（例如，退缩，耐受性）在35岁时进行评估 在青春期（例如，以前使用过毒品）和成年后的年轻人（例如，结婚）中测量了对照。互动检查了性别之间是否存在关联。结果当我们控制青少年使用毒品时，因暴力受到威胁或遭受身体伤害的青少年在35岁时比非受害者有更多的饮酒症状。但是，从统计学上考虑成年后的受害情况时，只有成年后的受害与35岁饮酒症状有关。对妇女而言，青年受害而不是青少年受害的影响更大。受害大多数与35岁的大麻使用症状无关。