The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.

中文翻译：

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边缘型和回避型人格障碍的奖惩敏感性

作者比较了被诊断为边缘型人格障碍 (BPD) 或回避型人格障碍 (APD) 的个体相对于健康对照组 (HC) 对奖惩的自我报告和行为反应。正如预测的那样，BPD 组的自我报告对奖励的敏感性显着高于 APD 和 HC 组。同样正如预测的那样，自我报告的对惩罚的敏感性在两个无序组中都显着升高，但在 APD 中显着高于 BPD。这些假设模式在对行为任务的反应中也很明显：与被动回避学习任务的 HC 参与者相比，BPD 参与者犯了更多的委托错误和更少的遗漏错误，在概率逆转学习任务中，与其他参与者相比，患有 APD 的参与者对损失表现出更大的反应。结果有助于表征这两种疾病之间的差异。