ABSTRACT This article aims at disentangling the factors behind changes in income inequality and relative poverty in the Baltic states. An evaluation of income, policy, and demographic effects was based on counterfactual scenarios constructed using tax-benefit microsimulation and reweighting techniques. Decomposition showed that income and policy effects were dominant for changes in inequality and relative poverty. The policy effects were inequality- and poverty-reducing after EU accession and before the 2008 financial crisis and as a whole. The income effects for the same periods were inequality- and poverty-increasing. Despite rapid demographic changes, the demographic effect on income inequality and relative poverty was marginal.

中文翻译：

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波罗的海地区收入分配变化背后的因素：收入、政策、人口

摘要 本文旨在解开波罗的海国家收入不平等和相对贫困变化背后的因素。对收入、政策和人口影响的评估基于使用税收福利微观模拟和重新加权技术构建的反事实情景。分解表明，收入和政策效应对不平等和相对贫困的变化起主导作用。政策效果是在加入欧盟之后和 2008 年金融危机之前以及整体上减少不平等和贫困。同一时期的收入影响是不平等和贫困加剧。尽管人口变化迅速，但人口对收入不平等和相对贫困的影响微乎其微。