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Domestication as Enskilment: Harnessing Reindeer in Arctic Siberia
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory ( IF 3.073 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s10816-020-09455-w
Robert J. Losey , Tatiana Nomokonova , Dmitry V. Arzyutov , Andrei V. Gusev , Andrei V. Plekhanov , Natalia V. Fedorova , David G. Anderson

The study of reindeer domestication provides a unique opportunity to examine how domestication involves more than bodily changes in animals produced through selection. Domestication requires enskilment among humans and animals, and this process of pragmatic learning is dependent on specific forms of material culture. Particularly with the domestication of working animals, the use of such material culture may predate phenotypic and genetic changes produced through selective breeding. The Iamal region of Arctic Siberia is generating an increasingly diverse set of archeological data for reindeer domestication that evidences such processes. Three early sites, Ust’-Polui, Tiutei-Sale I, and Iarte VI, contain artifacts proposed to be parts of headgear worn by transport reindeer, the earliest dating to just over 2000 years ago. Contemporary Nenets reindeer herders scrutinized replicas of these archeological objects, and comparisons with historic reindeer harness parts from Arctic Russia were also made. Nenets consistently interpreted barbed L-shaped antler pieces from Iamal as parts of headgear for training young reindeer in pulling sleds. Some types of swivels were also interpreted as transport reindeer headgear. Based on these consultations with Nenets and observations of their ongoing reindeer domestication practices, we argue that material things such as headgear, harnesses, and sleds are not merely technological means of using or controlling reindeer in transportation but instead were part of the meshwork within which some reindeer became enskilled to being domestic. Domestication of reindeer and other animals involves ongoing efforts, landscapes, and made things, all of which form the environment within which domestic relationships emerge.



中文翻译:

作为驯化的驯化:利用北极西伯利亚驯鹿

驯鹿驯化的研究提供了一个独特的机会,可以检查驯化如何通过选择产生的动物不仅仅是身体变化。驯化需要人类和动物之间的交流,而这种务实的学习过程取决于物质文化的特定形式。特别是在对家畜进行驯化的情况下,这种物质文化的使用可能早于通过选择性育种产生的表型和遗传变化。北极西伯利亚的伊马尔地区正在为驯鹿驯化生成越来越多的考古数据集,这些证据证明了这一过程。Ust'-Polui,Tiutei-Sale I和Iarte VI这三个早期遗址中的文物被认为是运输驯鹿头饰的一部分,最早的历史可追溯到2000年前。当代涅涅茨人的驯鹿牧民仔细检查了这些考古物品的复制品,并与北极俄罗斯历史悠久的驯鹿背带零件进行了比较。Nenets始终将Iamal的倒刺L形鹿角片解释为头饰的一部分,用于训练幼驯鹿拉雪橇。某些类型的转环也被解释为运输驯鹿头饰。根据与Nenets的协商以及对其驯鹿驯化实践的观察,我们认为,诸如头饰,安全带和雪橇之类的物质不仅是在运输中使用或控制驯鹿的技术手段,而且还属于网状结构的一部分驯鹿开始沉迷于驯养。驯鹿和其他动物的驯化涉及不断的努力,景观和造物,

更新日期:2020-05-12
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