Although recruitment is often studied by social movement scholars, the literature lacks an integrated account of what recruitment actually entails and there is disagreement about who the recruiters are (weak- or strong-tie contacts). This study develops a theoretical account of different recruitment “functions” that can be fulfilled by social ties and that enhance protest participation. Participants need to be informed about the protest event, many of them need to be persuaded before they join a demonstration, and most of them also want to have suitable company to attend the protest with. We expect that these three recruitment functions—information, persuasion, and company—are often fulfilled by the same social tie (homogeneous pattern). However, when this is not the case, we expect that strong ties become more important the closer one comes to actual participation (centripetal pattern). Drawing on individual-level information about more than 14,000 protesters, we find that these patterns are robust across 84 demonstrations in eight countries. Nevertheless, there are systematic differences across countries and across types of social movements. The centripetal recruitment pattern is significantly more apparent when people protest for socio-economic issues compared to when they participate in demonstrations on other, non-socio-economic issues.

中文翻译：

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社会纽带的招募功能：8个国家84场示威的弱纽带动员和强纽带动员

尽管社会运动学者经常研究招聘，但文献缺乏对招聘实际需要的综合描述，并且对于招聘者是谁（弱联系或强联系）存在分歧。本研究对不同的招聘“功能”进行了理论解释，这些“功能”可以通过社会联系来实现并增强抗议参与。参与者需要被告知抗议活动，他们中的许多人在参加示威之前需要被说服，而且他们中的大多数人也希望有合适的公司参加抗议活动。我们期望这三个招聘功能——信息、说服和公司——通常由相同的社会纽带（同质模式）来实现。然而，当情况并非如此时，我们预计，越接近实际参与（向心模式），牢固的联系就变得越重要。根据超过 14,000 名抗议者的个人层面信息，我们发现这些模式在 8 个国家的 84 场示威活动中是稳健的。然而，不同国家和不同类型的社会运动存在系统性差异。与参加其他非社会经济问题的示威活动相比，当人们抗议社会经济问题时，向心招募模式明显更加明显。不同国家和不同类型的社会运动存在系统性差异。与参加其他非社会经济问题的示威活动相比，当人们抗议社会经济问题时，向心招募模式明显更加明显。不同国家和不同类型的社会运动存在系统性差异。与参加其他非社会经济问题的示威活动相比，当人们抗议社会经济问题时，向心招募模式明显更加明显。