When examining the decline of the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores and the ascension of the right-wing extremist Jair Bolsanaro of the far-right Partido Liberal Social to the 2018 presidency, political scientists David Samuels and Cesar Zucco have argued that this shift is best understood not through positive characteristics of Bolsonaro’s candidacy but through antipetismo [‘anti-PT-ism’], an intensely personal resentment of the Partido dos Trabalhadores. We assert that popular right-wing Facebook groups and networks formed around the communication network WhatsApp-fueled antipetismo by channeling anger originating in the 2013 nationwide protests away from a variety of social, political, and issues and toward a villainous depiction of Partido dos Trabalhadores leaders and valorization of anti-Partido dos Trabalhadores activists like Bolsanaro, as well as some focus on his own conservative, nationalist agenda. To interrogate this assertion, we propose two specific lines of research. The first is a qualitative textual analysis of the social media accounts of two of the most active anti-Partido dos Trabalhadores groups: Vem Pra Rua and O Movimento Brasil Livre. Through close reading of the materials distributed on these sites, we will illustrate how they channeled general unrest into a specifically partisan attack. The next line of research and case will be an examination of the role of mainstream news networks (namely TV Record) and WhatsApp by those campaigning for recently elected president Bolsonaro for a continued negative campaign against left candidates, specifically the Partido dos Trabalhadores, using fake news items like the supposed ‘gay kit’ that was being circulated in schools by the Partido dos Trabalhadores and others on the left to persuade children to become gay. When possible, we will analyze examples of the materials that were circulated that have emerged in the press coverage and will examine the processes that were used to target and persuade people to forward the materials created for the campaign.

中文翻译：

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产生 Antipetismo：媒体激进主义和当代巴西激进民族主义右翼的兴起

在研究左派劳动党的衰落和极右翼自由社会党的右翼极端分子 Jair Bolsanaro 升至 2018 年总统职位时，政治科学家大卫·塞缪尔和塞萨尔·祖科认为，最好理解这种转变，而不是通过 Bolsonaro 候选资格的积极特征，但通过 antipetismo ['anti-PT-ism']，这是对 Partido dos Trabalhadores 的强烈个人不满。我们断言，广受欢迎的右翼 Facebook 团体和网络围绕通信网络 WhatsApp 推动的 antipetismo 形成，将源自 2013 年全国抗议活动的愤怒从各种社会、政治和问题转移到对 Partido dos Trabalhadores 领导人的恶毒描绘以及对像博尔萨纳罗这样的反劳动党激进分子的重视，以及一些关注他自己保守的民族主义议程。为了质疑这一断言，我们提出了两条具体的研究路线。第一个是对两个最活跃的反劳动党团体的社交媒体账户的定性文本分析：Vem Pra Rua 和 O Movimento Brasil Livre。通过仔细阅读这些网站上分发的材料，我们将说明他们如何将普遍动荡转化为特定的党派攻击。The next line of research and case will be an examination of the role of mainstream news networks (namely TV Record) and WhatsApp by those campaigning for recently elected president Bolsonaro for a continued negative campaign against left candidates, specifically the Partido dos Trabalhadores, 使用假新闻项目，例如由 Partido dos Trabalhadores 和其他左翼人士在学校传播的所谓“同性恋工具包”，以说服孩子们成为同性恋。在可能的情况下，我们将分析新闻报道中出现的传播材料的例子，并将检查用于瞄准和说服人们转发为活动创建的材料的过程。