ABSTRACT This ethnographic encounter explores the historical, cultural, and political erasure faced by the Pashtuns in the formal educational institutions of Pakistan. Besides this erasure, Pashtuns are seen as a suspect community in the metanarrative and state discourse of Pakistan. This study aims to provide an insight into ways that a group of Pashtuns resist the popular hegemonic narrative of the state and provide an alternative narrative using spaces which this study calls “informal spaces.” Qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and informal discussions are used to collect data in the informal spaces that how the Pashtuns encounter the assimilationist project of the state. Findings show that the Pashtuns are stereotyped and suspected irrespective of their class, regional and tribal affiliation. Their historical and political figures are erased in the formal textbooks, and their language and cultural attire are synonymously and interchangeably equated with the Taliban and terrorists in popular media. Facing this marginalization and stigmatization in the metanarrative, a group of the Pashtuns resist the popular image somewhat James Scott terms as “resistance in disguise.” This study suggests that, for the nation-building project, the state must follow an inclusive and democratic approach that includes the historical, cultural, and political existence of the Pashtuns.

中文翻译：

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伪装抵抗和身份重建：以巴基斯坦普什图人为例

摘要这次民族志的相遇探讨了普什图人在巴基斯坦正规教育机构中面临的历史，文化和政治擦除。除了这种擦除，普什图人在巴基斯坦的叙事和国家话语中被视为可疑社区。这项研究旨在提供洞察力，使一群普什图人抵制国家的流行霸权叙事，并提供一种替代性的叙事方式，使用本研究称为“非正式空间”的空间。定性研究方法，包括深度访谈，参与者观察和非正式讨论，用于在非正式空间中收集有关普什图人如何遇到国家同化计划的数据。调查结果表明，普什图人被定型化并受到怀疑，无论其阶级，地区和部落隶属关系如何。他们的历史和政治人物在正式教科书中被删除，他们的语言和文化着装与塔利班和恐怖分子在流行媒体上是同义和可互换的。面对元叙事中的这种边缘化和污名化，一群普什图人抵制了詹姆斯·斯科特（James Scott）所说的“变相抵抗”的流行形象。这项研究表明，对于国家建设项目，国家必须遵循包容和民主的态度，其中包括普什图人的历史，文化和政治存在。一群普什图人抵制流行形象，詹姆斯·斯科特（James Scott）称之为“变相抵抗”。这项研究表明，对于国家建设项目，国家必须遵循包容和民主的态度，其中包括普什图人的历史，文化和政治存在。一群普什图人抵制流行形象，詹姆斯·斯科特（James Scott）称之为“变相抵抗”。这项研究表明，对于国家建设项目，国家必须遵循包容和民主的态度，其中包括普什图人的历史，文化和政治存在。