Activism seeking to improve labor conditions in global supply chains has led many transnational corporations to adopt codes of conduct and to monitor suppliers for compliance. Drawing on thousands of audits conducted by a major social auditor, the authors identify structural contingencies in the institutional environment and program design under which codes and monitoring are more likely to be associated with improvements in conditions. At the institutional level, suppliers improve more when they face greater risk that nongovernmental organizations and the press will expose harmful working conditions. They also improve more when their buyers have experienced negative publicity for supply chain labor abuses. At the program design level, suppliers improve more on average when audits are pre-announced, when auditors are highly trained, and especially when both elements are present. Extended analysis of variations across violation types reveals nuances to these findings. For instance, pre-announced audits were followed by greater improvement in occupational safety and health practices but not child labor practices. These findings can inform strategies for improving supply chain working conditions.

中文翻译：

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改善全球供应链中的工作条件：制度环境和监督计划设计的作用

寻求改善全球供应链中劳动条件的激进主义导致许多跨国公司采用行为准则并监督供应商的合规性。作者利用主要社会审核员进行的数千次审核，确定了制度环境和计划设计中的结构性突发事件，在这些突发事件中，法规和监控更可能与条件的改善相关。在机构层面，当供应商面临非政府组织和新闻界将暴露有害工作条件的更大风险时，它们会改善更多。当购买者因滥用供应链而遭受负面宣传时，他们也将获得更大的进步。在计划设计级别，如果预先宣布审核，培训审核员，尤其是当同时存在这两种元素时。对违反类型的差异进行的扩展分析揭示了这些发现的细微差别。例如，在进行预先宣布的审核后，职业安全和健康实践得到了更大的改善，但童工实践却没有得到改善。这些发现可以为改善供应链工作条件提供策略。