The aim is to study associations between blood pressure/arterial hypertension (AH) and all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality among middle-aged and elderly Russian men and women. Methods: This study is a part of the cohort study, conducted in Moscow. Altogether, 898 males and 978 females aged 55 years and older comprised the sample. AH was determined with systolic blood pressure level (SBP) > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mmHg, or on condition of antihypertensive treatment (AHT). Obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and a prior stroke were assessed as risk-factors. During the follow-up period (8,05 years) 547 deaths were identified, including 330 CVD. Results: No significant gender differences in the prevalence of arterial hypertension were detected. About 80 % of females and 65 % of males took AHT. Among them, effective treatment was registered in 42 % of females and 32 % of males. Elevated blood pressure was associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk only among women (HR = 1.63; 95 % CI: 1.21-2.19, HR = 1.81; 95 % CI: 1.23-2.67, respectively). No associations were found between mortality and AH and AHT. The ineffective treatment of arterial hypertension increased all-cause and CVD mortality by 1.9 and 2.5 times, respectively, but only among females. SBP > 160 mmHg and/or DBP > 100 mmHg was associated with 2.6 times (p = 0.020) greater risk of all-cause mortality. No associations were observed among the males. Conclusions: Elevated blood pressure, especially among those taking AHT, significantly increased the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, but only among women. The results of the study warrant better blood pressure control in females aged 55 years and older with mandatory prescription of AHT.

中文翻译：

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中老年男性和女性的血压与死亡率之间的关联：一项队列研究

目的是研究俄罗斯中老年男性和女性的血压/动脉高血压 (AH) 与全因和心血管 (CVD) 死亡率之间的关联。方法：本研究是在莫斯科进行的队列研究的一部分。样本中总共有 898 名男性和 978 名 55 岁及以上的女性。AH 是在收缩压水平 (SBP) > 140 mmHg 和/或舒张压 (DBP) > 90 mmHg 时确定的，或者在抗高血压治疗 (AHT) 的情况下确定的。肥胖、吸烟、高胆固醇血症、高血糖症和既往中风被评估为危险因素。在随访期间（8.05 年），确定了 547 例死亡，包括 330 例 CVD。结果：未检测到动脉高血压患病率的显着性别差异。大约 80% 的女性和 65% 的男性服用了 AHT。其中，42% 的女性和 32% 的男性获得了有效治疗。血压升高仅与女性的全因和 CVD 死亡风险增加相关（HR = 1.63；95% CI：1.21-2.19，HR = 1.81；95% CI：1.23-2.67，分别）。未发现死亡率与 AH 和 AHT 之间存在关联。动脉高血压的无效治疗使全因死亡率和心血管疾病死亡率分别增加了 1.9 倍和 2.5 倍，但仅限于女性。SBP > 160 mmHg 和/或 DBP > 100 mmHg 与 2.6 倍 (p = 0.020) 的全因死亡风险相关。在男性中没有观察到关联。结论：血压升高，尤其是在服用 AHT 的患者中，会显着增加全因和 CVD 死亡率的风险，但仅限于女性。