This article sets out to throw light on the intellectual and scientific activities of a group of Spanish humanists associated with the diplomat, aristocrat, and writer Diego Hurtado de Mendoza in the course of his fifteen years in Venice, Trent, and Rome, focusing on two aspects that have been neglected to date. These are (a) the integration of practices connected with the study of nature (herborizing expeditions and the production of herbaria) with the work of collating, translating, and commenting on classical texts dealing with natural history and materia medica; and (b) the insertion of these scientific activities in Italy by the Spanish subjects of the Emperor Charles V within the broader context of a specific cultural policy. This policy would later be fleshed out in the scientific project of the Spanish Crown under Philip II, inseparable as it was from the monarch’s political and religious policy.

中文翻译：

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书籍、植物、植物标本馆：Diego Hurtado de Mendoza 和他在意大利的圈子（1539-1554）

本文旨在揭示与外交官、贵族和作家迭戈·乌尔塔多·德·门多萨 (Diego Hurtado de Mendoza) 在威尼斯、特伦特 (Trent) 和罗马度过的 15 年期间与外交官、贵族和作家相关的一群西班牙人文主义者的智力和科学活动，重点关注两个迄今为止被忽视的方面。它们是 (a) 将与自然研究（植草探险和植物标本制作）相关的实践与整理、翻译和评论处理自然历史和本草的经典文本的工作相结合；(b) 在更广泛的特定文化政策背景下，查理五世皇帝的西班牙臣民在意大利开展了这些科学活动。这项政策后来在菲利普二世的西班牙王室科学项目中得到充实，