This article charts the meanings of hair in scenes of Habsburg-Ottoman cultural exchange. In particular, it examines the links between medicinal knowledge about hair and the ways in which enslaved Habsburg as well as Ottoman subjects addressed their bodies whilst living in either the Ottoman or the Habsburg domains. Connecting the early modern body with the trade in early modern bodies, this article argues that the performance and description of body practices involving hair helped sixteenth and seventeenth-century Habsburg and Ottoman subjects to express and shape the emotional resonance of Mediterranean slavery. Writing about hair enabled returning male captives to negotiate the meanings and consequences of enslavement in foreign lands inhabited by people of different faith. By practising hair-care and by writing about hair in general and ritual shearing in particular, former slaves and captives addressed their spiritual well-being and defined emotional communities of confessional belonging. Thereby, they negotiated the possibilities of reintegration into a society that was sceptical about possible conversions during times of enslavement. Given the significance of the Mediterranean as a hub for slaving activities, Habsburg-Ottoman contacts often manifested in the experience of captivity. Researchers estimate that at least two and a half million slaves lived in early modern Western and Continental Europe, whilst some five million – around a fifth of them of Central or West European origin – served in the Ottoman Empire. Another 850,000 European slaves lived in North Africa. Christians and Muslims of all social backgrounds were taken captive and served as household servants, galley slaves, public and menial workers or sex slaves. Many of those who were taken captive and later returned to their homes then wrote about their time in servitude as crucially an experience of bodily subjugation. Such captivity narratives, often lengthy, sold in large numbers as they appealed to an ever-growing market. When the Habsburg emperor’s subjects treated former slaves with mistrust because it was feared they might have converted to Islam, and then when Habsburg lands were increasingly involved in military actions with the Ottomans, books and pamphlets on the Ottoman Empire and its society flooded the Habsburg

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现代哈布斯堡王朝地中海的头发，情感和奴隶制

本文在哈布斯堡-奥斯曼文化交流的场景中绘制了头发的含义。特别是，它研究了关于头发的医学知识与奴役的哈布斯堡王朝以及奥斯曼帝国的受虐者在奥斯曼帝国或哈布斯堡帝国居住期间对身体的处理方式之间的联系。将早期的现代人体与早期的现代人体交易联系起来，本文认为，涉及头发的身体行为的表现和描述帮助16世纪和17世纪的Habsburg和Ottoman主题表达和塑造了地中海奴隶制的情感共鸣。写关于头发的文章使返回的男性俘虏能够就不同信仰的人居住在异国土地上奴役的含义和后果进行谈判。前奴隶和俘虏通过从事护发工作，以及撰写有关一般性和仪式性剪发的文章，解决了他们的精神健康问题，并定义了emotional悔的情感社区。因此，他们就重新融入社会的可能性进行了谈判，该社会对在奴役时期可能会发生的转变表示怀疑。考虑到地中海作为奴隶活动中心的重要性，哈布斯堡-奥斯曼帝国的交往经常表现在被俘虏的经历中。研究人员估计，至少有两百五十万奴隶生活在早期的现代西欧和欧洲大陆，而约五百万奴隶（约有五分之一来自中欧或西欧）在奥斯曼帝国服务。另有85万欧洲奴隶生活在北非。各种社会背景的基督徒和穆斯林被俘虏，并担任家庭佣人，厨房奴隶，公共和奴隶制工人或性奴隶。然后，许多被俘虏并随后返回家园的人将自己服役的时间写成对身体屈从的一种至关重要的经历。这种笼统的叙述通常很长，在吸引不断增长的市场时大量出售。当哈布斯堡王朝的臣民因为担心他们可能会converted依伊斯兰而对前奴隶产生不信任时，然后当哈布斯堡王朝的土地越来越多地参与与奥斯曼帝国的军事行动时，关于奥斯曼帝国及其社会的书籍和小册子充斥着哈布斯堡王朝 然后，许多被俘虏并随后返回家园的人将自己服役的时间写成对身体屈从的一种至关重要的经历。这种笼统的叙述通常很长，在吸引不断增长的市场时大量出售。当哈布斯堡王朝的臣民因为担心他们可能会converted依伊斯兰而对前奴隶产生不信任时，然后当哈布斯堡王朝的土地越来越多地参与与奥斯曼帝国的军事行动时，关于奥斯曼帝国及其社会的书籍和小册子充斥着哈布斯堡王朝 然后，许多被俘虏并随后返回家园的人将自己服役的时间写成对身体屈从的一种至关重要的经历。这种笼统的叙述通常很长，在吸引不断增长的市场时大量出售。当哈布斯堡王朝的臣民因为担心他们可能会converted依伊斯兰而对前奴隶产生不信任时，然后当哈布斯堡王朝的土地越来越多地参与与奥斯曼帝国的军事行动时，关于奥斯曼帝国及其社会的书籍和小册子充斥着哈布斯堡王朝