Specific interviewer characteristics, interviewer continuity, or matching interviewer and household characteristics may increase cooperation, especially for difficult-to-convince households. In face-to-face surveys, unobserved heterogeneity often makes a proper analysis of interviewer effects impossible. Although surveys conducted in telephone centers usually assign households to interviewers at random, there is less research on interviewer effects on cooperation, probably because telephone surveys produce smaller effects. Using data from a large telephone panel survey, I find interviewer effects only for households that refused to participate in a previous wave. Interviewer continuity or matching interviewers and households on sociodemographic variables has weak effects for any type of household. Interviewer experience has positive effects for previously refusing households only. Telephone survey organizations therefore only need to worry about using specially trained interviewers for refusal conversion calls, while specific assignments of interviewers to households are not necessary.

中文翻译：

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电话小组调查中初始和拒绝转换现场工作阶段访问员对合作的影响

特定访员特征、访员连续性或匹配访员与住户特征可能会增加合作，尤其是对于难以说服住户。在面对面的调查中，未观察到的异质性通常使对访问员影响的正确分析变得不可能。虽然在电话中心进行的调查通常会随机将住户分配给访调员，但关于访调员对合作影响的研究较少，可能是因为电话调查产生的影响较小。使用来自大型电话小组调查的数据，我发现仅对拒绝参与前一波的家庭的访谈员效应。访调员连续性或将访调员与住户匹配的社会人口变量对任何类型的住户都有微弱影响。访问员的经历仅对先前拒绝的家庭有积极影响。因此，电话调查机构只需担心使用受过专门培训的访问员进行拒绝转换电话，而无需向住户分配访问员的特定任务。