In randomized experiments, inventories with reverse-keyed items are compared with inventories in which all the items are either positively or negatively associated with the underlying concept. The results show that with reverse keying, a control of the potential bias was not sufficient; likewise, the factorial structure, reliability, and validity were negatively affected. An eye-tracking study revealed that respondents did not process information more deeply with the reverse-keyed items than with the other forms. Respondents seemed to find it difficult to process reverse keying mentally so that it is not sufficient to use it in heterogeneous samples and with short inventories.

中文翻译：

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库存中的反向键控项目如何影响测量质量和信息处理？

在随机实验中，将具有反向键控项目的库存与所有项目与基本概念正相关或负相关的库存进行比较。结果表明，使用反向键控，对潜在偏置的控制是不够的；同样，因子结构、信度和效度受到负面影响。一项眼动追踪研究显示，与使用其他形式相比，受访者使用反向键控项目并没有更深入地处理信息。受访者似乎发现很难在心理上处理反向键控，因此在异构样本和短库存中使用它是不够的。