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Urban living laboratories: Conducting the experimental city?
European Urban and Regional Studies ( IF 4.842 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-06 , DOI: 10.1177/0969776418787222
Harriet Bulkeley 1 , Simon Marvin 2 , Yuliya Voytenko Palgan 3 , Kes McCormick 3 , Marija Breitfuss-Loidl 4 , Lindsay Mai 1 , Timo von Wirth 5 , Niki Frantzeskaki 5
Affiliation  

The recent upsurge of interest in the experimental city as an arena within and through which urban sustainability is governed marks not only the emergence of the proliferation of forms of experimentation – from novel governance arrangements to demonstration projects, transition management processes to grassroots innovations – but also an increasing sensibility amongst the research community that urban interventions can be considered in experimental terms. Yet as research has progressed, it has become clear that experimentation is not a singular phenomenon that can be readily understood using any one conceptual entry point. In this paper, we focus on one particular mode of experimentation – the urban living laboratory (ULL) – and develop a typology through which to undertake a comparative analysis of 40 European ULLs, to understand how and why such forms of experimentation are being designed and implemented, and to identify the particular forms of experimentation they entail. We argue that there are distinct types of ULL taking shape, delimited by the ways in which they are designed and deployed through, on the one hand, specific kinds of configuration and practice and, on the other hand, by the ways in which they take laboratory form: the different dispositions towards the laboratory they entail. We propose three ‘ideal’ ULL types – strategic, civic and organic – and argue that these can be placed along the spectrum of four dispositions: trial, enclave, demonstration and platform.

中文翻译:

城市生活实验室:开展实验城市?

最近人们对试验城市作为管理城市可持续性的舞台的兴趣高涨,这不仅标志着试验形式的激增——从新颖的治理安排到示范项目,从过渡管理过程到基层创新——而且研究界越来越意识到可以在实验中考虑城市干预措施。然而,随着研究的进展,很明显,实验并不是使用任何一个概念切入点都可以轻松理解的单一现象。在本文中,我们专注于一种特定的实验模式——城市生活实验室 (ULL)——并开发一种类型学,通过它对 40 个欧洲 ULL 进行比较分析,了解如何以及为何设计和实施此类实验形式,并确定它们需要的特定实验形式。我们认为有不同类型的 ULL 成形,一方面由它们的设计和部署方式所界定,一方面是特定类型的配置和实践,另一方面,由它们采取的方式实验室形式:他们对实验室的不同倾向。我们提出了三种“理想”的 ULL 类型——战略性、公民性和有机性——并认为这些可以被放置在四种处置的范围内:试验、飞地、示范和平台。我们认为有不同类型的 ULL 成形,一方面由它们的设计和部署方式所界定,一方面是特定类型的配置和实践,另一方面,由它们采取的方式实验室形式:他们对实验室的不同倾向。我们提出了三种“理想”的 ULL 类型——战略性、公民性和有机性——并认为这些可以被放置在四种处置的范围内:试验、飞地、示范和平台。我们认为有不同类型的 ULL 成形,一方面由它们的设计和部署方式所界定,一方面是特定类型的配置和实践,另一方面,由它们采取的方式实验室形式:他们对实验室的不同倾向。我们提出了三种“理想”的 ULL 类型——战略性、公民性和有机性——并认为这些可以被放置在四种处置的范围内:试验、飞地、示范和平台。
更新日期:2018-08-06
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