The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises stable housing as a prerequisite for an adequate standard of living. A home provides shelter and enables personal development, thus contributing to the individual’s well-being. Despite this, however, many struggle to find a place to live. In the Netherlands, people with a history of criminal or anti-social behaviour (‘ex-offenders’) are among those whose search for housing is most problematic. They are sometimes viewed as unreliable tenants or denied access to housing out of fear for recidivism. At the same time, Dutch local authorities—responsible for maintaining public order—may (aim to) prevent an ex-offender from (re) settling in their municipality. Recent legislation in the Netherlands furthermore allows local authorities to screen and exclude people from certain urban areas based on their past behaviour. How do Dutch private and administrative actors decide between ex-offenders’ housing rights on the one hand and other persons’ (feelings of) safety and public order on the other? And how do the laws and policies in the Netherlands concerning the housing of ex-offenders relate to the state’s human rights obligations? Using doctrinal legal research methods and applying a normative, human rights framework, this paper concludes that while there are no out-right violations of fundamental rights and freedoms, several approaches in the Netherlands do appear to be problematic and at odds with international obligations.

《世界人权宣言》承认稳定的住房是适足生活水平的先决条件。家提供住所并促进个人发展，从而有助于个人的福祉。然而，尽管如此，许多人仍在努力寻找住处。在荷兰，有犯罪或反社会行为史的人（“前罪犯”）是寻找住房最成问题的人之一。他们有时被视为不可靠的租户或因害怕再次犯罪而被拒绝获得住房。与此同时，负责维护公共秩序的荷兰地方当局可能（旨在）阻止前罪犯（重新）在其市镇定居。荷兰最近的立法还允许地方当局根据过去的行为筛选和排除某些城市地区的人。荷兰的私人和行政行为者如何在前罪犯的住房权和其他人的（感觉）安全和公共秩序之间做出决定？荷兰有关前罪犯住房的法律和政策与国家的人权义务有何关系？使用理论性法律研究方法并应用规范的人权框架，本文得出结论，虽然没有公然侵犯基本权利和自由的情况，但荷兰的几种方法似乎确实存在问题，并且与国际义务不一致。荷兰的私人和行政行为者如何在前罪犯的住房权和其他人的（感觉）安全和公共秩序之间做出决定？荷兰有关前罪犯住房的法律和政策与国家的人权义务有何关系？使用理论性法律研究方法并应用规范的人权框架，本文得出结论，虽然没有公然侵犯基本权利和自由的情况，但荷兰的几种方法似乎确实存在问题，并且与国际义务不一致。荷兰的私人和行政行为者如何在前罪犯的住房权和其他人的（感觉）安全和公共秩序之间做出决定？荷兰有关前罪犯住房的法律和政策与国家的人权义务有何关系？使用理论性法律研究方法并应用规范的人权框架，本文得出结论，虽然没有公然侵犯基本权利和自由的情况，但荷兰的几种方法似乎确实存在问题，并且与国际义务不一致。