In his lectures on neoliberalism, Michel Foucault argues that neoliberalism produces subjects as ‘entrepreneurs of themselves’. He bases this claim on Gary Becker’s conception of the utility-maximizing agent who solely acts upon cost/benefit-calculations. Not all neoliberalized subjects, however, are encouraged to maximize their utility through mere calculation. This article argues that Foucault’s description of neoliberal subjectivity obscures a non-calculative, more audacious side to neoliberal subjectivity. Precarious workers in the creative industries, for example, are encouraged not merely to rationally manage their human capital, but also to take a leap of faith to acquire unpredictable successes. It is this latter risk-loving, extra-calculative side to neoliberal subjectivity that economists usually designate as ‘entrepreneurial’. By confronting Foucault with the theories of entrepreneurship of the Austrian School of Economics, Frank Knight, and Joseph Schumpeter, the Foucauldian analytical framework is enriched. Neoliberal subjectivation is not the monolithic promotion of utility-maximizing agents, but the generation of a multiplicity of modes for entrepreneurs to relate to oneself and the market.

中文翻译：

---

超越福柯的新自由主义经济人的自我的企业家

米歇尔·福柯在关于新自由主义的演讲中指出，新自由主义将主体视为“自己的企业家”。他的这一主张基于加里·贝克尔（Gary Becker）的效用最大化代理的概念，该代理仅根据成本/收益计算来起作用。但是，并非所有新自由化的主体都被鼓励通过单纯的计算来最大化其效用。本文认为，福柯对新自由主义主观性的描述掩盖了新自由主义主观性的一种非计算性，更大胆的一面。例如，鼓励创意产业中ious可危的工人，不仅要合理地管理其人力资本，而且要勇于信仰以获得巨大的成功。经济学家通常将这是新自由主义主观的后一种爱好冒险，过度计算的方面，通常将其称为“企业家”。通过将福柯与奥地利经济学院的企业家精神，弗兰克·奈特和约瑟夫·熊彼特的理论对峙，富考尔的分析框架得到了丰富。新自由主义的主观化不是最大程度地促进效用最大化的推动者，而是为企业家创造了与自身和市场相关的多种模式。