The Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism faces implementation challenges related to tenure security and governance institutions. In response, multiple regional climate mitigation initiatives have emerged. In Peru, indigenous networks have created their own Indigenous Amazonian REDD (RIA), an initiative aiming to strengthen property rights for native peoples. At roughly the same time, the Peruvian government launched the National Forest Conservation Program (PNCB), a conditional payment scheme aiming to encourage sustainable forest management. However, these initiatives must still overcome fragmented institutional governance of forests at the regional scale and continued challenges related to indigenous tenure security. This article examines how indigenous federations and the Peruvian government are attempting to implement these initiatives in the Amazonian region of Madre de Dios to examine how challenges play out in practice. These cases illustrate the institutional gaps between national policies, regional capacities, and local needs and expectations. However, it also demonstrates how an innovative institutional partnership at the subnational scale may be overcoming some of these challenges.

中文翻译：

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土著权属安全和地方参与减缓气候变化计划：探索秘鲁亚马逊地区实施REDD +的体制差距

减少森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放量（REDD +）面临着与权属安全和治理机构有关的实施挑战。作为回应，出现了多个区域减缓气候变化的举措。在秘鲁，土著人网络创建了自己的亚马逊土著人REDD（RIA），该倡议旨在加强土著人民的财产权。大致同时，秘鲁政府启动了国家森林保护计划（PNCB），这是一项有条件的付款计划，旨在鼓励可持续的森林管理。但是，这些举措仍必须克服区域范围内对森林的分散的机构治理以及与土著人土地保有权有关的持续挑战。本文探讨了土著联合会和秘鲁政府如何在马德雷德迪奥斯的亚马逊地区实施这些计划，以研究实践中如何解决挑战。这些案例说明了国家政策，区域能力以及地方需求和期望之间的体制差距。但是，这也表明了国家以下级别的创新机构伙伴关系如何克服这些挑战。