This article provides a corpus-based analysis of formal structure and rapport orientation of evaluative speech acts in written Mandarin starting from the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) leading up to the present. It focuses on illocutional concurrences (IC) where the change of rapport management with the interlocutor significantly correlates with evaluative speech acts. The IC are holistic patterns that emerge at various levels of an utterance. They contribute both locally (i.e. at the morphosyntactic level) and peripherally (i.e. at the illocutionary level) to the encoding of contextually and temporally situated speech acts or pragmemes. Mixed methods of hierarchical clustering and multiple correspondence analysis indicate that the recent history of evaluative speech acts in written Chinese is characterised by a shift from prevalently rapport-maintaining orientation to utterances more overtly marked for (im-)politeness. Evaluative language in written Mandarin became less mitigated at the structural level and increasingly oriented towards rapport enhancement and rapport challenge. This shift significantly intersects with a progressive replacement of clause-final particles during the 20th century, especially after the so-called ‘May the 4th Movement’.

中文翻译：

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普通话融洽取向与句外围的历时变化

本文对清朝（1644-1911）至今的书面普通话评价性言语行为的形式结构和关系取向进行了基于语料库的分析。它侧重于言外合意 (IC)，其中与对话者的融洽管理的变化与评价性言语行为显着相关。IC 是在话语的各个层次上出现的整体模式。它们在局部（即在形态句法层面）和外围（即在言外之意层面）对上下文和时间定位的言语行为或语用的编码做出贡献。层次聚类和多重对应分析的混合方法表明，书面汉语中评价性言语行为的近期历史的特点是从普遍的保持融洽的取向转变为更明显地标记为（不）礼貌的话语。书面普通话中的评价性语言在结构层面上变得不那么缓和，并且越来越倾向于促进融洽和融洽的挑战。这种转变与 20 世纪期间分句尾助词的逐渐替换显着交叉，尤其是在所谓的“五月四运动”之后。