Since the late 1990s, the competition for ‘the best and the brightest’ has shaped many developed countries’ policy approaches toward international students seeking permanent skilled migration in their countries. Australia and New Zealand are among those that established innovative immigration policies to facilitate the skilled migration of international students after successful completion of their studies. Using Considine's policy system framework, this paper reviewed each country's policy setting linking education and migration between 1998 and 2010 and compared policy developments by their constituent policy institutions, policy actors, political economy and policy culture. The similarities and differences between the two countries are identified and used to understand how international education and skilled migration policies had changed in each setting.

中文翻译：

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两步移民：1998 年和 2010 年澳大利亚和新西兰政策发展的比较

自 1990 年代后期以来，“最优秀和最聪明”的竞争已经形成了许多发达国家对在本国寻求永久技术移民的国际学生的政策方法。澳大利亚和新西兰等国制定了创新的移民政策，以促进国际学生在成功完成学业后的技术移民。本文使用 Considine 的政策系统框架，回顾了 1998 年至 2010 年每个国家将教育和移民联系起来的政策设置，并比较了其组成政策机构、政策参与者、政治经济和政策文化的政策发展。