ABSTRACT

This paper examines the effects of parental migration on children’s educational enrolment following the recent reforms in Indonesian educational policy. We find that, in general, parental migration has a positive impact on school enrolment, although this varies by the child’s age and the gender of the migrant parent. Parental migration has an adverse impact on the school enrolment of younger children who are eligible for free education, but a positive impact on older children who are no longer able to access state educational support. The gender of the migrant parent matters, as paternal migration appears to have a more positive impact on children’s educational enrolment than maternal migration. Maternal migration is associated with a reduction of younger children’s likelihood of a being in school, while paternal migration makes no difference to their school enrolment. For older children, maternal migration has a lower positive impact compared to paternal migration. Our qualitative interviews also show mixed findings: some children appreciate their migrant mothers’ migration efforts and are motivated to persevere in continuing education, while others are weighed down by their migrant mothers’ sacrifice and develop a sense of obligation to reduce their financial burdens by leaving education early to enter paid employment.

摘要

本文研究了印度尼西亚近期教育政策改革后父母移徙对儿童教育入学的影响。我们发现，总的来说，父母的迁移会对入学率产生积极的影响，尽管这取决于孩子的年龄和父母的性别。父母的迁移对有资格获得免费教育的年幼儿童的入学率产生不利影响，但对不再能够获得州教育支持的年纪较大的孩子产生积极影响。父母父母的性别很重要，因为父母移民似乎比母亲移民对孩子的教育入学有更积极的影响。产妇移徙与年龄较小的孩子上学的可能性降低有关，父辈移民对他们的入学率没有影响。对于年龄较大的孩子，与父亲移民相比，母亲移民的积极影响较低。我们的定性访谈还显示出不同的结果：一些孩子欣赏移民母亲的迁移工作，并坚持不懈地继续进修，而另一些孩子则因移民母亲的牺牲而感到沮丧，并形成了一种义务意识，可以通过离开而减轻经济负担尽早接受教育以进入有偿就业。