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On the Divergent Trajectories of African Islamism: Explaining Salafi Non-Radicalisation in Zanzibar
Africa Spectrum ( IF 1.818 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1177/0002039719887825
Jannis Saalfeld 1
Affiliation  

With the rise of Jihadist groups like Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab, the theory-oriented exploration of the causes and dynamics of militant Islamist mobilisation in sub-Saharan Africa has become an important research endeavour. Existing explanatory frameworks highlight the causal relevance of multi-faceted Muslim grievances, pre-existing histories of non-Islamist political violence, and a lack of institutional regulation of Salafism in the first decades after independence. Examining the deviant case of Zanzibar, the article investigates why, despite the fact that all these conditions have been present on the islands, local Salafi activism has so far not gravitated towards Jihadism. It shows that the deeply entrenched Zanzibari two-party conflict between Tanzania’s long-standing authoritarian ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi and the oppositional Civic United Front has persistently blocked the opening up of political space for the development of sizeable militant Islamist activity. The article thus contributes to area-centred theory-building by demonstrating that vigorous electoral competition can effectively forestall the rise of Jihadism.

中文翻译:

论非洲伊斯兰主义的不同轨迹:解释桑给巴尔的萨拉菲非激进化

随着博科圣地和青年党等圣战组织的兴起,以理论为导向的对撒哈拉以南非洲伊斯兰激进分子动员的原因和动力的探索已成为一项重要的研究工作。现有的解释框架强调了多方面的穆斯林不满、非伊斯兰政治暴力的预先存在的历史以及独立后最初几十年缺乏对萨拉菲主义的制度性监管的因果关系。通过检查桑给巴尔的异常案例,文章调查了为什么尽管岛上存在所有这些条件,但当地的萨拉菲激进主义迄今并未被圣战主义所吸引。这表明,坦桑尼亚长期威权执政党查马查马平杜兹与反对派公民联合阵线之间根深蒂固的桑给巴里两党冲突,持续阻碍了政治空间的开放,阻碍了大规模激进的伊斯兰活动的发展。因此,本文通过证明激烈的选举竞争可以有效地阻止圣战主义的兴起,为以地区为中心的理论构建做出了贡献。
更新日期:2019-11-26
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