ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the question of ethnicity in late medieval Riga and suggests that the current perception of ethnicity has to be revisited. This article argues that the late medieval transport workers’ guilds that have been considered to be ‘Latvian brotherhoods,’ were not ethnic groups until the Reformation and gained an ethnic character only during the religious reform. This article is a detailed study of social, religious, and ethnic aspects of the groups’ activities.

中文翻译：

---

把运输工人变成拉脱维亚人？改革前后里加的种族和运输工人协会

抽象的

本文重点关注中世纪晚期里加的种族问题，并建议必须重新审视当前对种族的看法。本文认为，中世纪晚期的运输工人行会一直被认为是“拉脱维亚的兄弟会”，直到宗教改革时期才成为族群，并且仅在宗教改革期间才具有种族特征。本文是对团体活动的社会，宗教和种族方面的详细研究。