Co-production was developed by several European countries to revive their film industries and has become increasingly popular, spreading across the region and beyond. However, this scheme should be carefully examined as to whether it is truly beneficial to the film industry. In response, this paper proposes two new concepts, “corporation-led” and “state-led” co-productions by distinguishing them from the prevailing notion of “(international) co-production.” Corporation-led coproduction is to achieve the best outcome through the optimal utilization of production (or creative) factors and business activities. By contrast, state-led co-production has been used to enhance the national image and has been supported by financial incentives. As such, this type of co-production becomes a hindrance for the optimal utilization of production factors. All of these aspects can be found throughout the history of Europe’s co-production efforts. In the future, such an instrument should be redesigned in order to promote the film industry more effectively.

联合制作是由几个欧洲国家开发的，以复兴其电影业，并变得越来越受欢迎，遍及整个地区及其他地区。但是，应仔细检查该方案是否对电影业真正有利。作为回应，本文提出了两个新概念，即“公司主导”和“国家主导”的联合生产，将它们与流行的“（国际）联合生产”概念区分开来。以公司为主导的联合生产将通过对生产（或创造）要素和业务活动的最佳利用来实现最佳结果。相比之下，国家主导的联合生产已被用来提高国家形象，并得到了财政激励措施的支持。这样，这种类型的联合生产成为最佳利用生产要素的障碍。所有这些方面都可以在欧洲合作生产的整个历史中找到。将来，应重新设计此类工具，以更有效地促进电影业。