ABSTRACT

Bolivian migration in borax and sulphur high-altitude mining was fundamental in sustaining industrial capitalism in northern Chile. In this paper, we quantify and characterize Bolivian migration in the border mining camps of the municipality of Ollagüe, through the analysis of 335 migratory files, dating from 1888 to 1946. We focus on the Bolivian presence in eight villages and camps involved in sulphur and borax mining. We present the entry periods of Bolivian workers, as well as their origin, trade and profession, gender, marital status, age, and literacy. Results give an account of the central role played by the Bolivian migrant labour force for the development of non-metallic and high-altitude mining industries in the region. It is concluded that the capitalist expansion in the Chilean border was sustained by an ethnic subsidiarity of an international subordinate workforce.

摘要

硼砂和硫磺高海拔采矿中的玻利维亚移民是维持智利北部工业资本主义的基础。在本文中，我们通过分析 1888 年至 1946 年的 335 份移民档案，对奥拉圭市边境采矿营地的玻利维亚移民进行量化和描述。我们重点关注玻利维亚人在八个村庄和营地中的硫磺和硼砂开采。我们介绍了玻利维亚工人的进入时期，以及他们的出身、行业和职业、性别、婚姻状况、年龄和文化程度。结果说明了玻利维亚移民劳动力对该地区非金属和高海拔采矿业发展所发挥的核心作用。