Abstract

This paper offers insight into Malian men navigating their endangered hegemonic masculinities post deportation. Being returned against their will with empty hands, many see these difficulties as a potential hindrance to their ability to stand their ground. Tracing the representations and conduct of life of these men, this article explores deportees trying to form part of their communities given financial and migratory constraints, and often collective immobilization, vis-à-vis social obligations and the expectation to re-emigrate. Based on cases primarily from rural and some from urban southern Mali, the data selected from eight months of ethnographic fieldwork with former deportees and their social surroundings show how reinterpretations of suffering, working hard, and courage help to adapt to daily life post deportation. These strategies potentially allow for recovering one’s masculine dignity through a specific ‘adventure-hood’ integrated into a new masculine repertoire after deportation. This article analyzes how young and elder men’s narrations and practices contribute to a review of the norms and hierarchies in Malian society, and thus to concepts of changing masculinities and relations between men in Africa. In highlighting a little-discussed case of mostly inner African, reversed South-North migration the article goes beyond one-sided interpretations of masculine crises and hegemony. It thereby contributes to masculinities as well as post deportation studies at the intersections of age, generation, financial status and the experience of im/mobility after deportations.

摘要

这篇论文提供了对马里男人在被驱逐后如何驾驭他们濒临灭绝的霸权男子气概的见解。被空手而归，许多人将这些困难视为他们站稳脚跟的潜在障碍。本文追踪这些人的表现和生活行为，探讨被驱逐者在经济和移民方面的限制，以及经常集体行动不便的情况下，试图成为他们社区的一部分，以及社会义务和重新移民的期望。基于主要来自马里南部农村和一些城市的案例，从对前被驱逐者及其社会环境进行八个月的民族志实地考察中选出的数据表明，对苦难、努力工作和勇气的重新解释如何有助于适应驱逐后的日常生活。这些策略可能允许通过在驱逐后融入新的男性曲目的特定“冒险”来恢复一个人的男性尊严。本文分析了年轻人和老年人的叙述和实践如何有助于回顾马里社会的规范和等级制度，从而有助于改变非洲男性气质和关系的概念。这篇文章强调了一个很少讨论的案例，主要是内陆地区，反向的南北迁移，超出了对男性危机和霸权的片面解释。因此，它有助于在年龄、世代、财务状况和驱逐后的不动/流动经历的交叉点上进行男子气概以及驱逐后研究。