ABSTRACT

For this paper we investigated refugee entrepreneurship in the Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya, a place where humanitarian aid practices and domestic legislation impede entrepreneurship, yet hundreds of new ventures have been established by refugees. The analysis finds that refugee camp entrepreneurs erode formal institutions, recombine conducive aspects of both formal and informal institutions, and exploit the advantages of institutional misalignment. We explain how entrepreneurs strategically maintain rather than overcome institutional misalignment for venture creation. Second, we show how self-determination, rather than mere subsistence or necessity, is an important yet often overlooked motivator for entrepreneurship in low and lower middle-income contexts.

摘要

在本文中，我们调查了肯尼亚达达卜（Dadaab）难民营中的难民企业家精神，那里是人道主义援助活动和国内立法阻碍企业家精神的地方，然而难民建立了数百家新企业。分析发现，难民营企业家侵蚀了正规机构，重组了正规和非正式机构的有益方面，并利用了体制错位的优势。我们将解释企业家如何在战略上保持而不是克服机构间的错位来进行风险投资。其次，我们展示了在低收入和中低收入背景下，自决而不是单纯的生存或必要性是企业家精神的重要但常常被忽视的动机。