ABSTRACT

A strong feminist strand has run through punk since its earliest incarnations, but, because punk scenes are inevitably affected by their wider social contexts, the influences of sexism and patriarchy must be continually (re)negotiated – feminist punk interventions are therefore a key aspect of contemporary ‘global punk’. This deliberate and conscious feminist interventionism is a key aspect of punk in Indonesia too, recursively taking its cues from ‘punk history itself’. Feminist punk interventions in Indonesia include feminist zines, women-centric bands, explicitly feminist gigs and festivals, communication and support networks of punk women, and anarcha-feminist ‘info-house’ initiatives. These interventions are necessary because, as elsewhere in the world, sexism is part of the lived experience for punk women in Indonesia. Patriarchal repression is acute in wider Indonesian society, and, despite the rhetoric of equality and opposition to oppression, these sexist norms are reproduced in the punk scene in the form of homosocial gender division, marginalization of women, derision of feminist initiatives, sexual objectification, and sexual assault. The influence of morally conservative fundamentalist Islam in Indonesia also shapes expressions of sexism in the punk scene.

Drawing on three periods of ethnographic research (2012, 2015, 2018), as well as key secondary sources such as the Ini Scene Kami Juga! (This Is Our Scene Too!) documentary film (2016), and ongoing dialogue with women in Indonesia's punk scenes, this article considers the influence of feminist interventions in punk. Whilst feminist objectives are limited to transforming their immediate punk scene, and though they face continued sexism within the scene and concerted repression from the state and from religious groups, these initiatives represent a significant political/cultural platform for feminism in wider Indonesian society.

摘要

自从最早的化身以来，强大的女权主义分子就贯穿了朋克，但是，由于朋克场景不可避免地受到其更广泛的社会环境的影响，因此必须不断地（重新）协商性别歧视和父权制的影响–因此，女权主义朋克干预是当代的“全球朋克”。这种蓄意而有意识的女权主义干预主义也是印尼朋克的一个重要方面，它从“朋克历史本身”中递归地得到了提示。印度尼西亚的女权主义朋克干预活动包括女权主义杂志，以女性为中心的乐队，明确的女权主义演出和音乐节，朋克妇女的交流和支持网络以及无政府主义女权主义“信息之家”倡议。这些干预措施是必要的，因为与世界其他地方一样，性别歧视是印度尼西亚朋克妇女生活经验的一部分。在整个印度尼西亚社会中，重男轻女的压制都很严重，尽管有平等和反对压迫的言论，但这些朋克主义规范仍以朋克社会的性别分工，妇女边缘化，女权主义的嘲弄，性客观化，和性侵犯。道德保守的原教旨主义伊斯兰教在印度尼西亚的影响也影响了朋克舞台上性别歧视的表现。

利用三个民族志研究阶段（2012年，2015年，2018年）以及主要的二手资料，例如Ini Scene Kami Juga！纪录片（《这也是我们的场景！》）（2016年），以及印尼朋克场景中与女性的持续对话，本文考虑了女权主义干预朋克的影响。尽管女权主义的目标仅限于改变其当下的朋克场景，尽管它们在场景中仍面临持续的性别歧视，并受到国家和宗教团体的一致镇压，但这些举措为印尼社会中的女权主义提供了重要的政治/文化平台。