ABSTRACT

Social media has given way to information and prosumption-oriented discursive fields wherein individuals construct their own social identities. Although interactivity, multimodality, user-centeredness and accessibility are the unique aspects of digital media but the fact that digital media as effective spaces for representing extreme self/other representation while being anonymous and free from following social norms, can cause dysfunctional social behaviours such as cyber hate. Mirroring the normative notions of femininity, masculinity and gender stereotype allows groups and individuals to connect and express similar manifestations of hate, which, often result in the emergence of a ‘discursive spiral of hate’, misogyny and sexism. This paper draws on the important caveats discussed around Social Media-Critical Discourse Studies understanding of the contemporary digital discourses to deconstruct the complex relations between gender, hate speech and celebrities’ discourses on social media. In particular, how Lena Dunham, American celebrity, portrays herself on her Instagram page by going against the hegemonic views and how the audiences, i.e. the digital prosumers perceive that portrayal. Analysing 2000 user-generated comments deconstruct how women are required to suppress their feeling and limit their authentic online presentation to maintain the outward countenance that matches the stereotypical gender roles in audiences’ state of mind.

摘要

社交媒体已经让位于信息和面向消费的话语领域，个人在其中构建自己的社会身份。尽管交互性、多模态、以用户为中心和可访问性是数字媒体的独特方面，但数字媒体作为代表极端自我/其他代表的有效空间，同时匿名且不受社会规范的约束，可能导致功能失调的社会行为，例如网络仇恨。反映女性气质、男性气质和性别刻板印象的规范概念允许群体和个人联系和表达类似的仇恨表现，这往往导致出现“仇恨的话语螺旋”、厌女症和性别歧视。本文借鉴了围绕社交媒体批评话语研究对当代数字话语的理解所讨论的重要警告，以解构社交媒体上性别、仇恨言论和名人话语之间的复杂关系。尤其是美国名人莉娜·邓纳姆（Lena Dunham）如何通过反对霸权观点在她的 Instagram 页面上描绘自己，以及观众（即数字产消者）如何看待这种描绘。分析 2000 条用户生成的评论解构了女性如何被要求压制自己的感受并限制其真实的在线展示，以保持与观众心态中刻板的性别角色相匹配的外表。仇恨言论和名人在社交媒体上的言论。尤其是美国名人莉娜·邓纳姆（Lena Dunham）如何通过反对霸权观点在她的 Instagram 页面上描绘自己，以及观众（即数字产消者）如何看待这种描绘。分析 2000 条用户生成的评论解构了女性如何被要求压制自己的感受并限制其真实的在线展示，以保持与观众心态中刻板的性别角色相匹配的外表。仇恨言论和名人在社交媒体上的言论。尤其是美国名人莉娜·邓纳姆（Lena Dunham）如何通过反对霸权观点在她的 Instagram 页面上描绘自己，以及观众（即数字产消者）如何看待这种描绘。分析 2000 条用户生成的评论解构了女性如何被要求压制自己的感受并限制其真实的在线展示，以保持与观众心态中刻板的性别角色相匹配的外表。